Injongo

Ngomnyaka we-1960, umasipala wase-Amsterdam weza nesicwangciso esinqwenelekayo sokudala indawo entsha yokuhlala kwindawo yaseBijlmermeer ngokuhlukana okungqongqo phakathi kokuhlala nokusebenza.. Kwenziwa izivumelwano ezisemgangathweni malunga nolwakhiwo kunye nefenitshala enendawo eninzi yohlaza nokuzonwabisa.

Indlela yokwenza

Ngeminyaka yoo-1970, iSebe loPhuhliso lweDolophu yaseAmsterdam laphuhlisa izakhiwo ezikumgangatho ophezulu ezinemigangatho elishumi kwisakhiwo esine-hexagonal yobusi kunye nohlaza oluninzi.. Umasipala waphefumlelwa yimibono esebenzayo yesixeko yeCIAM kunye nomyili wezakhiwo waseSwitzerland uLe Corbusier., ngokwahlukana okungqongqo phakathi kokuphila, umsebenzi kunye nokuzonwabisa. Inxalenye yaloo filosofi ukwahlula, ibhayisekile- kunye nokugcwala kwabahambi ngeenyawo, eyayicaciswe ngokungqongqo kwisicwangciso sokuqala seBijlmermeer.

Isiphumo

Vula 25 EyeNkanga 1968 umhlali wokuqala we Bijlmermeer wafudukela kwiflethi Hoogoord.

I-Bijlmermeer yaziwa kuzwelonke ngenxa yeengxaki zentlalo. Eminye yemithetho-siseko yobulunga ayikwazanga kufezekiswa ngenxa yokuthotywa kohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. Ngenxa yokuba inqanaba lezinto eziluncedo ebumelwaneni liye lasilela kulindelo oluphakanyiswe ngexesha lolwakhiwo nangenxa yokuba imeko yangoku., iiflethi eziphangaleleyo kwafuneka zikhuphisane namakhaya amatsha anosapho olunye kwenye indawo kulo mmandla, iintsapho zaseAmsterdam esakhelwe zona eso sithili zahlala kude. Kunoko, amaqela amakhulu abantu abangathathi ntweni ayezinze elumelwaneni, nto leyo ebangele ukuba kubekho indawo yokuhlala enerenti yentlalo (Ekuqaleni 90% kwaye ngoku 77%) kunye neyantlukwano encinci. Phakathi kweli qela kwakukho abaninzi abasuka kwamanye amazwe 1975 Ikoloni yaseSuriname yazimela kwaye kamva abantu baseGhana nama-Antille nabo bangena.

Kwi 1984 Usodolophu van Thijn uthathe isigqibo sokucoca iziko laseAmsterdam kunye nokugxotha iqela elikhulu leejunki kwiZeedijk.. Eli qela laya kwiindawo ezigqunyiweyo nakwiigaraji zokupaka iimoto eBijlmer. Konke oku kubangele ukuba iindawo ezithile eBijlmermeer zibe nolwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthotywa kunye nenkathazo yeziyobisi. Kwakukho nentswela-ngqesho ephawulekayo.

Esinye isandi kukuba abantu abaninzi bayakonwabela ukuhlala nokusebenza kwi-Bijlmermeer. Imbiza enyibilikayo ikhokelele kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zabantu abavulelekileyo nabanobuhlobo abathi ngokwenene badala uluntu olutsha..

Umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa waphehlelelwa ngeminyaka yoo-1990, esele ihambe umgama omde ngoku.. Inxalenye enkulu yezakhiwo eziphakamileyo iye yadilizwa kwaye yathatyathelwa indawo ngamakhaya amancinane, kubandakanywa izindlu ezininzi kwicandelo elinomnini. Iiflethi ezishiyekileyo zilungiswa ngokucokisekileyo. Ukongeza, uninzi lweendlela zokuqala eziphakamileyo ('ukukhukuliseka') endaweni yazo ziindlela ezikumgangatho ophantsi, ngokugrunjwa kweedikhi kunye nokudilizwa kwee-viaducts. Uninzi lweegaraji zokupaka ukusuka kuyilo lwangaphambili ziye zadilizwa.

Uhlaziyo kufuneka lukhokelele kulwakhiwo olungaphantsi kwicala elinye labantu kunye nendawo yokuhlala eyonwabisa ngakumbi. Kwakhona iziko lokuthenga i-Amsterdamse Poort ukusuka kwiminyaka yamashumi asibhozo. Isango laseAmsterdam lingenile 2000 ihlaziywe ngokupheleleyo. Isithili siye sangena 2006 wafudukela kwiofisi entsha e-Anton de Komplein.

Izifundo

I-Bijlmermeer iphefumlelwe yimifanekiso ye Le Corbusier apho imisebenzi efana nokuphila, umsebenzi kunye ne-traffic bahlulwe omnye komnye kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unokubeka imibono yabacwangcisi basezidolophini abaphikisana nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi ukwenzela ukudala i-streetscape ephilayo.. Ukusuka kweli nqanaba lokujonga, ubumelwane budinga imisebenzi emininzi yentshukumo, uqoqosho lwasekhaya. Izitrato ke ngoko zibaluleke kakhulu njengekhadi leshishini lengingqi kunye nanjengendawo yokuncokola esixekweni. Umcwangcisi wesixeko ngoku ongasekhoyo uJane Jacobs, umzekelo, wayenoluvo lwamva.

Umcwangcisi kunye nomphathi wesithili eDen Helder UMartin van der Maas wenze inguqulelo ephefumlelweyo yeembono zikaJacobs kumagosa esithili. Zizo ezi 10 nciphisa, ezisebenza kakuhle kuMzantsi-mpuma.

1. Imeko-bume eyakhiweyo inempembelelo enkulu kwindlela abantu abanxibelelana ngayo ebumelwaneni. Kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi, Amaqhina oluntu akhula ngcono kwizithili ezahlukeneyo zedolophu kuneendawo eziluhlaza, ihlomela-dolophu elisebenza ngokunye.
2. Isixeko okanye ummelwane yingxaki yobunzima obulungelelanisiweyo, apho indlela esekelwe kumacandelo okanye izinto ezahlukeneyo ayanelanga.
3. Amagosa oluntu anokuba zizixhobo ezibalulekileyo zikarhulumente ekudaleni nasekugcinweni kokusebenza ngokugqibeleleyo, iindawo ezahlukeneyo.
4. Umanyano loluntu lumisela ukhuseleko loluntu. Ulwakhiwo kunye nokugcinwa kwayo akunakwenziwa kwiziko.
5. Ubumelwane kufuneka busoloko buziqhelanisa neminqweno kunye neminqweno yabemi abaguqukayo. Izinto ezibonisa iplani njengee-iyikhoni ezinkulu ze-monofunctional zoyilo ke ngoko zihlala zinganqweneleki.
6. Uninzi lwabafowunelwa ubuso ngobuso kwindawo kawonke-wonke luyafuneka kwindawo esebenza ngokugqibeleleyo. Ikakhulu itrafiki yabahambi ngeenyawo, kunye neemoto ezimbalwa.
7. Uhlaza oluninzi kwindawo ebumelwaneni lubonakala lusemgangathweni, kodwa ngokuqhelekileyo akunjalo. Uhlaza lwasezidolophini luyachuma ngokwentlalo ngokunqongophala. Kungenjalo liyawohloka libe yinkangala, uhlaza olungaqinisekanga kwaye olungakhuselekanga.
8. Awunakuphinda uvelise iindawo zokuhlala ezihlelelekileyo ngokuzidiliza ngomlinganiselo omkhulu, kodwa ngokunika kunye nokuvuselela iinkqubo ezinethemba ithuba elivela ngaphantsi.
9. Iingcali zeengcali akufanele zifune ukugoba ummelwane kwintando yazo, kodwa thatha indima engaphezulu njenge-catalyst ehlakaniphile yeenkqubo zengingqi, isitya esisezantsi ukuya phezulu, kunye nenkcubeko.
10. Isithili sesixeko sinokuthathwa kwaye ngeendlela ezininzi kufuneka sithathwe njenge-ecosystem: ukuzixhasa, intsonkothile, kwaye intle ngokwayo

Ngokubhekele phaya:
imithombo a.o.: Wikipedia, Umasipala waseAmsterdam.

Umbhali: Iziko leSiseko sokuPhumelela okuqaqambileyo

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