Pamene mipata mu malamulo- ndi malamulo akuphatikizidwa ndi kugawikana kwa mayiko, zopinga zambiri zimabuka. Izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kukulitsa chisamaliro chamagulu enaake omwe mukufuna. Funso lidakalipo: mumayenda bwanji?

Cholinga

Ku Netherlands timadziwa Public Health Act (wpg). Zaumoyo wa anthu apa zikufotokozedwa ngati 'njira zoteteza ndi kulimbikitsa thanzi la anthu', kapena magulu enaake omwe akuwatsata mkati mwake, kuphatikizapo zochitika ndi kuzindikira msanga matenda ikuphatikizidwanso.” Chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe Wpg idachita ndikukhazikitsa chisamaliro chaumoyo kwa achinyamata, ndi JGZ.

Ana ambiri ndi achinyamata ku Netherlands amakula athanzi ndikukula bwino. Izi ndi zina chifukwa cha zoyesayesa za JGZ, bungwe lomwe tsopano lili ndi zambiri kuposa 100 chaka chilipo. Kuchokera pa phukusi la Basic JGZ, bungweli 'limawona' ana ndi achinyamata pamodzi ndi makolo awo mpaka atakwanitsa zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu.. Komabe, JGZ sikugwira ntchito ku MBO chifukwa cha 'mbiri yakale', chifukwa chake gulu lalikulu la ophunzira asukulu ya sekondale azaka 16 asanayambe ntchito yawo amataya chithunzi cha JGZ atamaliza maphunziro awo.. Izi ndi zachisoni, chifukwa chosowa ntchito, kusiyiratu kusukulu ndi mavuto amisala ndizofala kwambiri pakati pa achinyamata 16 mu 23 Chaka, achinyamata. Ophunzira a maphunziro apamwamba makamaka nthawi zambiri amavutika ndi izi. Monga dokotala wachinyamata ku Amsterdam ndikufuna kunena: tiyeni achinyamata m'dziko lonselo, mosasamala za mtundu wawo wakusukulu, perekani chisamaliro mpaka zaka 23. Ku Amsterdam timachita izi kuchokera 2009 wachita bwino kale kusukulu ya sekondale, chifukwa cha mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa alderman, Mabungwe a MBO ndi JGZ. Thandizo lazachuma pamlingo wa ma municipalities zachitikanso.

Njira

Chikhulupiriro chakuti mwana wazaka 18 ali kale wamkulu, akadali kaganizidwe kakale kozika mizu. Ife tsopano tikudziwa kuti achinyamata pakati pa 18 mu 23 zaka zimapitilirabe chitukuko chofunikira kwambiri ndipo nthawi zambiri sichingaganizidwe ngati okhwima. Kuphwanya kaganizidwe kameneka ndikofunikira, chifukwa pokhapo chithandizo choyenera ndi choyenera chidzafika pamalo oyenera. Kupatsa wachinyamata wa MBO chithandizo chomwe akufunikira, ndi njira M@ZL (Malangizo a Zachipatala kwa Ana Amene Ananena Kuti Akudwala) chida chothandiza komanso chothandiza. Dokotala wachinyamata amagwira ntchito ku M@ZL, wophunzira ndi/kapena kholo, Woyang'anira chisamaliro / mlangizi wa sukulu ndi maphunziro okakamizidwa pamodzi ngati walephera chifukwa cha matenda. Maphwando omwe akukhudzidwa amagwirira ntchito limodzi ndikuchita zinthu mogwirizana. Aliyense amagwira ntchito kuchokera pa udindo wake komanso nthawi zonse pamodzi ndi wachinyamata. Kuchokera kumalingaliro akuti kujomba nthawi zambiri kumakhala chizindikiro, akhoza psychosocial ndi (chikhalidwe)mavuto azachipatala amazindikiridwa ndikuthetsedwa msanga.

Pambuyo poyambira bwino ku West Brabant, njira ya M@ZL idagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Amsterdam – m'maphunziro a sekondale komanso maphunziro a ntchito zamanja. Tsopano pali madotolo achinyamata khumi ndi mmodzi omwe amagwira ntchito ku sekondale ku Amsterdam, omwe amagwiritsa ntchito njira yodzitetezera komanso yotsimikiziridwa bwino M@ZL. Kuchokera ku zokumana nazo zabwino ku West Brabant ndi Amsterdam, pakati pa ena, kodi ndi sitepe yomveka kugwiritsa ntchito njira imeneyi mdziko lonse. Zikatero, payenera kukhala ndalama zothandizira madotolo achichepere ku maphunziro a sekondale.

Zotsatira

Zikuwoneka kuti ndizovuta chifukwa cha malamulo ndi ndalama zoyendetsera madokotala achinyamata kwa achinyamata ndi M@ZL m'maphunziro a sekondale.. Choyamba, kupeza ndalama kumakhala kovuta. Kupereka kwa JGZ komwe kumaperekedwa kwa ana onse ku Netherlands, imakhazikitsidwa mwalamulo mu Public Health Decree: JGZ Basic Package. Malire azaka za phukusili ndi pa 1 Januwale 2015 kukondedwa 18 Chaka. Chifukwa chake pali achinyamata ambiri ku MBO omwe amaphonya bwato pankhaniyi, pamene amadutsa malire a zaka 18 zadutsa kale. Ndi lamulo la achinyamata (2015) mpaka 23 Chaka ichi ndi chodabwitsa.

Kuphatikiza apo, masukulu ambiri a MBO ali nawo, zosiyana ndi ku Amsterdam, ophunzira ochokera m'matauni osiyanasiyana. A JGZ nthawi zina amagwira ma municipalities osiyanasiyana. Komabe, chisamaliro chimakonzedwa mosiyana m'matauni aliwonse ndipo payenera kukhala mgwirizano ndi aldermen ochokera m'matauni osiyanasiyanawa (mgwirizano pakati pa mabungwe a JGZ, GGD ndi masukulu, Mwachitsanzo). Munthawi yovutayi ndizovuta kupeza chithandizo chokwanira komanso ndalama zothandizira pulogalamu monga M@ZL. Kuzindikira mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa ophunzira, mlangizi, dokotala wa ana, Tsoka ilo, makolo ndi mphunzitsi wokakamizidwa sachoka mokwanira. Kuphatikiza apo, pochita, aphunzitsi ndi alangizi nthawi zambiri sakhala ndi nthawi kapena luso lozindikira mavuto mwa ophunzira. ambiri amachiwona, ngakhale malamulo oyenerera a maphunziro, ngakhale ntchito yawo. Cholinga chake ndi kuphunzitsa.

Chepetsani

1. Kuchulukitsa kumakhalabe kovuta kwambiri pazachipatala. Pankhaniyi makamaka chifukwa cha kusiyana decentralized mu kachitidwe zaumoyo ndi kugwirizana mipata mu malamulo- ndi malamulo. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zovuta kupeza chithandizo ndi ndalama kwa madokotala achichepere kwa achinyamata omwe ali m'masukulu ophunzitsa ntchito.
2. Mtengo wa NJC (Dutch Center JGZ) mu INGRADO (mabungwe amagawo a maphunziro okakamiza a ma municipalities) odzipereka kwa izo ndipo palinso kukambirana ndi VWS, koma pakadalibe kukhazikitsidwa kwapadziko lonse kwa dotolo wachinyamata kwa achinyamata komanso kukulitsa M@ZL.
3. Tikuwona kuwonjezeka kwa zovuta zamaganizidwe pakati pa achinyamata. Tili ndi chidziwitso komanso ukadaulo wokhudzana ndi kupewa m'derali, koma ndizovuta kupanga ndondomeko zamakonzedwe a ma municipalities amderalo. Decentralization (lamulo lachinyamata) sichipereka yankho ndipo chifukwa chake zoyesayesa za madotolo achichepere ku MBO zimatsalira pakufulumira komanso kufunikira kochita..
4. Njira ya M@ZL ikugwiritsidwa ntchito apa ndi apo, koma izi nthawi zambiri zimachitika mu mawonekedwe osinthidwa, kuphatikizapo kuchokera kuzinthu zachuma. Zotsatira zake, kudalirika ndi kuchita bwino sikulinso chitsimikizo.

Dzina: Wico Mulder
Bungwe: JGZ/GGD Amsterdam

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