Inhloso

Ngawo-1960, umasipala wase-Amsterdam waqhamuka necebo elinamandla lokwakha indawo entsha yokuhlala endaweni yase-Bijlmermeer enokwehlukaniswa okuqinile phakathi kokuhlala nokusebenza.. Kwenziwa izivumelwano ezisezingeni eliphezulu mayelana nokwakhiwa kanye nefenisha yendawo eningi yohlaza nokuzijabulisa.

Indlela yokwenza

Ngawo-1970, uMnyango Wokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zasemadolobheni e-Amsterdam wakha izakhiwo eziphakeme ezinezitezi eziyishumi ezakhiwe ngoju lwezinyosi eziyi-hexagonal kanye nohlaza oluningi.. Umasipala ugqugquzelwe imibono esebenzayo yedolobha yeCIAM kanye nomakhi wezakhiwo waseSwitzerland uLe Corbusier., ngokuhlukana okuqinile phakathi kokuphila, umsebenzi nokuzilibazisa. Ingxenye yaleyo filosofi futhi ukuhlukaniswa kwe, ibhayisikili- kanye nethrafikhi yabahamba ngezinyawo, okwachazwa ngokuqinile ekuhleleni kwasekuqaleni kwe-Bijlmermeer.

Umphumela

Vuliwe 25 uNovemba 1968 umhlali wokuqala we-Bijlmermeer uthuthele efulethini laseHoogoord.

I-Bijlmermeer yaziwa kuzwelonke ngenxa yezinkinga zomphakathi. Eminye yemigomo yekhwalithi ayifezekanga ngenxa yokwehliswa kwesabelomali. Ngenxa yokuthi izinga lezinsiza esifundeni lawela ngaphansi kokwakulindelekile ngesikhathi sokwakhiwa nangenxa yesimanjemanje., amafulethi avulekile kwadingeka aqhudelane namakhaya amasha omndeni owodwa kwenye indawo esifundeni, imikhaya yase-Amsterdam eyakhelwe isifunda ayizange ihambe. Kunalokho, amaqembu amakhulu abantu abampofu ayegxile komakhelwane, okuholele ekutheni kube nendawo enezindlu zomphakathi ikakhulukazi (kuqala 90% futhi manje 77%) nokuhlukahluka okuncane. Phakathi kwaleli qembu kwakukhona abokufika abaningi abavela e- 1975 ISuriname yazimela futhi kamuva abaseGhana nama-Antille nabo bangena.

Ku- 1984 IMeya uVan Thijn inqume ukuhlanza isikhungo sase-Amsterdam nokuxosha inqwaba yama-junkie eZeedijk.. Leli qembu liye ezindaweni ezimboziwe nasemagaraji okupaka e-Bijlmer. Konke lokhu kuholele ekutheni izindawo ezithile e-Bijlmermeer zikhungethwe ubugebengu, ukucekelwa phansi kanye nenkinga yezidakamizwa. Kwakukhona nokuntuleka kwemisebenzi okuphawulekayo.

Omunye umsindo yiqiniso ukuthi abantu abaningi bayakujabulela ukuhlala nokusebenza e-Bijlmermeer. Ibhodwe elincibilikayo liphinde laholela ekwahlukeni okukhulu kwabantu abavulekile nabanobungane abakha umphakathi omusha ngokoqobo..

Umsebenzi omkhulu wokulungisa wethulwa ngeminyaka yawo-1990, osekuhambe ibanga elide manje.. Ingxenye enkulu yezakhiwo eziphakeme idiliziwe kwafakwa amakhaya amancane, kubandakanya nezindlu eziningi emkhakheni ophethwe abanikazi. Amafulethi asele alungiswa kahle. Ngaphezu kwalokho, imigwaqo eminingi ekuqaleni yayiphakeme ('floated') esikhundleni semigwaqo esezingeni eliphansi, ngokumbiwa kwamadikhi kanye nokubhidlizwa kwama-viaducts. Amagaraji amaningi okupaka asuka kumklamo wokuqala nawo abhidliziwe.

Ukuvuselelwa kufanele kuholele ekwakhiweni kwabantu okuyingxenye eyodwa kanye nendawo yokuhlala ejabulisa kakhudlwana. Futhi isikhungo sezitolo sase-Amsterdamse Poort esivela ku-Eighties. I-Amsterdam Gate ingenile 2000 ilungiswe ngokuphelele. Isifunda sine 2006 wathuthela ehhovisi elisha e-Anton de Komplein.

Izifundo

I-Bijlmermeer igqugquzelwe yizithombe ze Le Corbusier lapho kusebenza khona njengokuhlala, umsebenzi kanye nethrafikhi zihlukaniswe komunye nomunye ngangokunokwenzeka. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ungabeka imibono yabahleli basemadolobheni abaphikisana nokuhlanganiswa kwemisebenzi ukuze udale umgwaqo ophilayo.. Ngokwaleli phuzu lokubuka, izindawo ezingomakhelwane zidinga imisebenzi eminingi ye-dynamic, umnotho wendawo. Imigwaqo-ke ibaluleke kakhulu njengekhadi lebhizinisi lomakhelwane nanjengenkundla yokuxhumana phakathi kwedolobha. Ngokwesibonelo, umhleli wedolobha oseshonile uJane Jacobs, wayenalo mbono wakamuva.

Umhleli kanye nomphathi wesifunda e-Den Helder UMartin van der Maas wenze inguqulo ephefumulelwe yemibono kaJacobs yezikhulu zesifunda. Lezi yizi 10 nciphisa, ezisebenza kahle eNingizimu-mpumalanga.

1. Indawo eyakhiwe inethonya elikhulu endleleni abantu abaxhumana ngayo endaweni. Kwakhiwe ngokuminyene, izifunda ezihlukahlukene zedolobha zithuthukisa ukuxhumana nomphakathi kangcono kunezindawo eziluhlaza, izindawo ezingaphansi kwe-monofunctional.
2. Idolobhakazi noma umakhelwane kuyinkinga yobunkimbinkimbi obuhleliwe, lapho indlela esekelwe emikhakheni ngayinye noma okuguquguqukayo ingenele.
3. Izikhulu zomphakathi zingamathuluzi kahulumeni abalulekile okudala nokugcina ukusebenza kahle, izindawo ezahlukene.
4. Ukubumbana komphakathi kunquma ukuphepha komphakathi. Ukwakhiwa nokugcinwa kwayo akukwazi ukwenziwa ngokwesikhungo.
5. Indawo ehlala kuyo kufanele ivumelane nezifiso nezifiso zabantu abaguquguqukayo. Ngakho-ke, izakhi ze-Blueprint njengezithonjana ezinkulu zezakhiwo ezisebenza ngendlela eyodwa ngokuvamile azithandeki.
6. Ukuze kube nesifunda esisebenza kahle, kudingeka ukuxhumana nabantu abaningi ubuso nobuso endaweni yomphakathi. Ikakhulu ithrafikhi yabahamba ngezinyawo, nezimoto ezimbalwa.
7. Uhlaza oluningi endaweni lubonakala luyikhwalithi, kodwa ngokuvamile akunjalo. Uhlaza lwasemadolobheni luyachuma emphakathini ngenxa yokushoda. Ngaphandle kwalokho liyawohloka libe yincithakalo, luhlaza okungenankohliso nokungaphephile.
8. Awukwazi ukuvuselela izindawo ezingomakhelwane ebezincishwe amathuba ngokuzidiliza ngezinga elikhulu, kodwa ngokunikeza nokuvuselela izinqubo ezinethemba ithuba elivela ngezansi.
9. Ochwepheshe abangochwepheshe akufanele bafune ukugoba indawo ngokuthanda kwabo, kodwa thatha indima eyengeziwe njengesisusa esihlakaniphile sezinqubo zasendaweni, isidlo saphansi phezulu, kanye nesiko.
10. Isifunda sasemadolobheni singase futhi kufanele ngezindlela eziningi sithathwe njenge-ecosystem: ukuzisekela, inkimbinkimbi, futhi muhle ngokwawo

Ngokuqhubekayo:
imithombo a.o.: I-Wikipedia, Umasipala wase-Amsterdam.

Umbhali: Bas Ruyssenaars

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