Cholinga

M'zaka za m'ma 1960, boma la Amsterdam lidabwera ndi dongosolo lofuna kupanga malo atsopano okhalamo m'dera la Bijlmermeer ndi kulekanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito.. Mapangano abwino anapangidwa okhudza kumanga ndi kupereka malo ambiri obiriwira ndi zosangalatsa.

Njira

M'zaka za m'ma 1970, dipatimenti yachitukuko cha Amsterdam Urban Development idapanga nyumba zazitali zazitali khumi zomwe zili ndi mawonekedwe a zisa za hexagonal komanso zobiriwira zambiri.. Mzindawu udalimbikitsidwa ndi malingaliro ogwira ntchito a mzinda wa CIAM ndi womanga waku Swiss Le Corbusier., ndi kulekanitsa kwakukulu pakati pa moyo, ntchito ndi zosangalatsa. Mbali ya filosofi imeneyo ndi kulekana kwa, njinga- ndi magalimoto oyenda pansi, zomwe zidafotokozedwa mosamalitsa pakukonza koyambirira kwa Bijlmermeer.

Chotsatira

Yatsani 25 "Boma likuyenera kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri njira zamtunduwu 1968 wokhala woyamba wa Bijlmermeer adasamukira ku nyumba ya Hoogoord.

Bijlmermeer adadziwika mdziko lonse chifukwa cha zovuta zamagulu. Mfundo zina zamakhalidwe abwino sizinatheke chifukwa cha kuchepa kwa bajeti. Chifukwa chakuti kuchuluka kwa zinthu zopezeka m'derali sikunafanane ndi zomwe tikuyembekezera panthawi yomanga komanso chifukwa chamakono., Malo ogona otalikirana amayenera kupikisana ndi nyumba zatsopano zabanja limodzi kwina kulikonse m'chigawocho, Mabanja a ku Amsterdam amene chigawocho chinamangidwira anachoka. M’malo mwake, magulu akuluakulu a anthu osauka anali kusonkhana m’dera lawo, zomwe zinapangitsa kuti m'dera lanu mukhale malo okhala ndi lendi (choyamba 90% ndipo tsopano 77%) ndi zosiyana pang'ono. Pagululi panali anthu ambiri ochokera kumayiko ena 1975 dziko la Suriname lidakhala lodziyimira pawokha ndipo pambuyo pake anthu aku Ghana ndi Antilleans nawonso adalowamo.

Mu 1984 Meya van Thijn waganiza zoyeretsa likulu la Amsterdam ndikuthamangitsa gulu lalikulu la anthu osowa ku Zeedijk.. Gululi lidapita kumalo ophimbidwa ndi magalasi oimika magalimoto ku Bijlmer. Zonsezi zidapangitsa kuti malo ena a Bijlmermeer akhudzidwe ndi umbanda, kuwonongeka ndi kusokoneza mankhwala. Panalinso ulova waukulu.

Phokoso lina ndiloti anthu ambiri amasangalala kukhala ndi kugwira ntchito ku Bijlmermeer. Mphika wosungunuka wachititsanso kuti pakhale anthu osiyanasiyana omasuka komanso ochezeka amene akupanga dziko latsopano..

Ntchito yaikulu yokonzanso inayambika m’zaka za m’ma 1990, yomwe tsopano yafika patali.. Mbali yaikulu ya nyumba zazitalizo zapasulidwa ndi kuloŵedwa m’malo ndi nyumba zing’onozing’ono, kuphatikizapo nyumba zambiri m'gawo lokhala ndi eni ake. Mafuleti otsalawo adzakonzedwanso bwino. Kuphatikiza apo, misewu yambiri yomwe idakwezeka poyamba ('madontho') m'malo ndi misewu yapansi, pofukula madiresi ndi kugwetsa ma viaducts. Magalasi ambiri oimikapo magalimoto kuchokera ku mapangidwe apachiyambi aphwanyidwanso.

Kukonzanso kuyenera kupangitsa kuti anthu asakhale mbali imodzi yokha komanso kukhala ndi malo osangalatsa. Komanso malo ogulitsira a Amsterdamse Poort kuyambira zaka makumi asanu ndi atatu. Amsterdam Gate ili mkati 2000 kukonzedwanso. Chigawo chalowa 2006 anasamukira ku ofesi yatsopano ku Anton de Komplein.

Maphunziro

The Bijlmermeer adadzozedwa ndi zithunzi za Le Corbusier momwe ntchito monga kukhala, ntchito ndi magalimoto amasiyanitsidwa wina ndi mzake momwe angathere. Kumbali inayi, mutha kuyika masomphenya a okonza mizinda omwe amatsutsana ndi kuphatikizika kwa ntchito kuti apange mawonekedwe amisewu osangalatsa.. Kuchokera pamalingaliro awa, oyandikana nawo amafunikira ntchito zingapo kuti zitheke, chuma chaderalo. Misewu ndiye yofunika kwambiri ngati khadi loyimbira foni anthu oyandikana nawo komanso ngati malo ochezera a pa Intaneti mumzindawu. Mwachitsanzo, Jane Jacobs, yemwe anali wokonza mapulani a mzinda, anali womaliza.

Wopanga mapulani ndi woyang'anira chigawo ku Den Helder Martin van der Maas anamasulira maganizo a Jacobs kwa akuluakulu a boma. Izi ndi 10 chepetsa, zomwe zimagwira ntchito bwino ku Southeast.

1. Malo omangidwa amakhala ndi chikoka chachikulu pa momwe anthu amalumikizirana wina ndi mnzake mdera. M'madera omwe muli anthu ambiri, Maubwenzi amakula bwino m'maboma osiyanasiyana amizinda kuposa m'malo obiriwira, madera a monofunctional.
2. Mzinda kapena malo oyandikana nawo ndi vuto la kusakhazikika bwino, zomwe njira yozikidwa pamagulu kapena zosinthika sizikwanira.
3. Akuluakulu ammudzi atha kukhala zida zofunikira za boma popanga ndi kukonza kuti zigwire bwino ntchito, madera osiyanasiyana.
4. Kugwirizana kwa anthu kumatsimikizira chitetezo cha anthu. Kumanga ndi kukonza kwake sikungathe kukhazikitsidwa.
5. Malo oyandikana nawo amayenera kukhala osinthika mosalekeza kuti agwirizane ndi zofuna ndi zofuna za anthu ambiri. Zinthu zamapulani monga zithunzi zazikulu zogwirira ntchito limodzi nthawi zambiri zimakhala zosafunikira.
6. Anthu ambiri amaso ndi maso m'malo opezeka anthu ambiri amafunikira kuti malo azigwira bwino ntchito. Makamaka anthu oyenda pansi, ndi magalimoto ochepa.
7. Zobiriwira zambiri m'derali zimawoneka ngati zabwino, koma kawirikawiri sizitero. Zobiriwira za m'tauni zimakula bwino pocheza ndi kusowa. Apo ayi umasanduka bwinja, wobiriwira wosakayikira komanso wosatetezeka.
8. Simungathe kukonzanso madera ovutika powagwetsa pamlingo waukulu, koma popereka ndi kulimbikitsa njira zachiyembekezo mwayi kuchokera pansi.
9. Akatswiri odziwa ntchito sayenera kufuna kukhotetsa dera kuti akwaniritse zofuna zawo, koma gwirani ntchito yochulukirapo ngati chothandizira chanzeru pamayendedwe amdera lanu, chakudya cham'mwamba, ndi chikhalidwe.
10. Dera la mzinda lingathe ndipo liyenera kuwonedwa m'njira zambiri ngati chilengedwe: wodzithandiza, zovuta, ndi wokongola mwa wokha

Komanso:
magwero a.o.: Wikipedia, Mzinda wa Amsterdam.

Wolemba: Bas Ruyssenaars

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