Ka manaʻo

I ka makahiki 1960, ua hele mai ke kaona ʻo Amsterdam me ka manaʻo nui e hana i kahi wahi noho hou ma ka wahi o Bijlmermeer me kahi kaʻawale loa ma waena o ka noho ʻana a me ka hana.. Ua hana ʻia nā ʻaelike maikaʻi e pili ana i ke kūkulu ʻana a me ka hoʻonohonoho ʻana me ka nui o nā wahi no ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo a me ka leʻaleʻa.

Ke hoʻokokoke ʻana

I ka makahiki 1970, ua hoʻomohala ka 'Oihana Hoʻomohala kūlanakauhale ʻo Amsterdam i kahi hale kiʻekiʻe he ʻumi hale kiʻekiʻe i loko o kahi ʻano hexagonal honeycomb a me nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo he nui.. Ua hoʻoulu ʻia ke kaona e nā manaʻo o ke kūlanakauhale hana o ka CIAM a me ka mea kākau Swiss Le Corbusier., me ka hoʻokaʻawale loa ma waena o ka noho ʻana, hana a me ka lealea. ʻO kahi ʻāpana o ia manaʻo ʻo ia hoʻi ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o ke kaʻa, paikikala- a me ka hele wāwae, i wehewehe pono ia ma ka hoʻolālā mua o ka Bijlmermeer.

Ka hopena

Ma 25 Nowemapa 1968 ua neʻe aku ka kamaʻāina mua o ka Bijlmermeer i ka pā ʻo Hoogoord.

Ua kaulana ʻia ka Bijlmermeer ma muli o nā pilikia pilikanaka. ʻAʻole hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia kekahi o nā loina qualitative ma muli o ka ʻoki kālā. Ma muli o ka emi ʻana o ke kiʻekiʻe o nā pono o ke kaiāulu i nā mea i manaʻo ʻia i hāpai ʻia i ka manawa o ke kūkulu ʻia ʻana a no ka mea o kēia wā., pono e hoʻokūkū nā pā ākea me nā hale ʻohana hoʻokahi ma nā wahi ʻē aʻe o ka ʻāina, ʻO nā ʻohana Amsterdam kahi i kūkulu ʻia ai ka moku i noho mamao. Akā, ʻo nā hui nui o nā poʻe ʻilihune i hoʻopaʻa ʻia i ke kaiāulu, ʻo ia ka hopena i kahi kaiāulu me ka nui o ka hoʻolimalima pili kanaka (ka mua 90% a kēia manawa 77%) a me ka ʻokoʻa liʻiliʻi. Ma waena o kēia hui he nui nā malihini mai ka 1975 Ua lilo ʻo ia i panalāʻau kūʻokoʻa o Suriname a ma hope ua neʻe pū ʻo Ghana a me Antilleans.

I loko o 1984 Ua hoʻoholo ʻo mayor van Thijn e pīpī i ke kikowaena o Amsterdam a e hoʻokuke aku i ka hui nui o nā junkies mai ka Zeedijk. Ua hele kēia hui i nā wahi i uhi ʻia a me nā hale kaʻa kaʻa ma ka Bijlmer. ʻO kēia ka hopena o kekahi mau wahi o ka Bijlmermeer i hoʻopilikia ʻia e ka hewa, ka hoʻonele ʻana a me ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka lāʻau lapaʻau. Nui nō hoʻi ka nele i ka hana.

ʻO kekahi ʻōlelo ʻē aʻe, ʻoiaʻiʻo, nui ka poʻe e hauʻoli i ka noho ʻana a me ka hana ʻana ma ka Bijlmermeer. Ua alakaʻi ʻia ka ipu hoʻoheheʻe i kahi ʻokoʻa nui o nā poʻe ākea a aloha e hana maoli nei i kahi hui hou..

Ua hoʻomaka ʻia kahi hana hoʻoponopono nui i nā makahiki 1990, a ua hele lōʻihi i kēia manawa.. ʻO kahi hapa nui o nā hale kiʻekiʻe i wāwahi ʻia a pani ʻia e nā hale liʻiliʻi, me ka nui o nā hale i loko o ka ʻoihana nona. Ke hoʻoponopono hou ʻia nei nā pā hale i koe. Eia kekahi, nui nā alanui i hoʻokiʻekiʻe mua ʻia (nā 'holoi') pani ʻia e nā alanui ma ka ʻili honua, ma ka ʻeli ʻana i nā pahu a me ka wāwahi ʻana i nā ala ala. ʻO ka hapa nui o nā hale kaʻa kaʻa mai ka hoʻolālā kumu i wāwahi ʻia.

Pono ka hana hou e alakaʻi i ka hoʻohui ʻana o ka heluna kanaka ʻaoʻao hoʻokahi a me kahi noho ʻoluʻolu. ʻO ka hale kūʻai kūʻai ʻo Amsterdamse Poort mai ka makahiki kanawalu. Aia ka puka o Amsterdam 2000 hooponopono hou ia. Aia ka apana i 2006 ua neʻe aku i kahi keʻena hou ma Anton de Komplein.

Nā haʻawina

Hoʻoulu ʻia ka Bijlmermeer e nā kiʻi o Le Corbusier ma na hana e like me ka noho ana, hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka hana a me ke kaʻa e like me ka hiki. Ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hiki iā ʻoe ke kau i nā hihiʻo o nā mea hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale e hoʻopaʻapaʻa ana no ka hoʻohui ʻana i nā hana e hana i kahi alahele ola.. Mai kēia manaʻo, pono nā kaiāulu i nā hana he nui no ka dynamic, hoʻokele waiwai kūloko. He mea koʻikoʻi nā alanui ma ke ʻano he kāleka kāhea no ke kaiāulu a ma ke ʻano he ʻoihana pūnaewele ma o ke kūlanakauhale. ʻO ka mea hoʻolālā kūlanakauhale hope loa ʻo Jane Jacobs, no ka laʻana, mālama i ka manaʻo hope.

Hoʻolālā a me ka luna ʻāpana ma Den Helder Martin van der Maas i unuhi hoʻoikaika ʻia o nā manaʻo o Jacobs no nā luna kaiāulu. ʻO kēia nā 10 hoemi, kūpono i ka Hikina Hema.

1. He mana nui ko ke kaiapuni i kūkulu ʻia i ke ʻano o ka launa pū ʻana o nā kānaka me kekahi ma kahi kaiāulu. I kukulu paa, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā pilina pilikanaka ma nā ʻāpana kūlanakauhale like ʻole ma mua o nā wahi uliuli, nā ʻāina hoʻokahi.
2. ʻO ke kūlanakauhale a i ʻole ke kaiāulu kahi pilikia o ka paʻakikī i hoʻonohonoho ʻia, ʻaʻole lawa kahi ala e pili ana i kēlā me kēia ʻāpana a i ʻole nā ​​loli.
3. Hiki i nā luna kaiāulu ke lilo i mau mea hana aupuni koʻikoʻi no ka hana ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka hana maikaʻi loa, nā ʻāpana like ʻole.
4. Hoʻoholo ka pilina pili i ka palekana o ka nohona. ʻAʻole hiki ke kūkulu ʻia a mālama ʻia.
5. Pono e hoʻololi mau ʻia kahi kaiāulu i nā makemake a me nā makemake o kahi heluna kanaka ikaika. No laila ʻaʻole makemake ʻia nā mea hoʻolālā e like me nā kiʻi hoʻolālā monofunctional nui.
6. Pono ka nui o ka launa maka-a-maka ma kahi ākea no ka hana maikaʻi loa. ʻO ka nui o ka hele wāwae, a kakaikahi na kaa.
7. He ʻano maikaʻi ka nui o nā ʻōmaʻomaʻo ma kahi kaiāulu, akā ʻaʻole maʻamau. E ulu ana ka ʻōmaʻomaʻo o ke kūlanakauhale me ka liʻiliʻi. A i ʻole e degenerates i neoneo, ʻōmaʻomaʻo ʻole a palekana.
8. ʻAʻole hiki iā ʻoe ke hana hou i nā kaiāulu hemahema ma ka luku ʻana iā lākou ma kahi ākea, akā ma ka hāʻawi ʻana a me ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā kaʻina manaʻolana i kahi manawa mai lalo.
9. ʻAʻole pono ka poʻe loea ʻoihana e hoʻohuli i kahi kaiāulu e like me ko lākou makemake, akā e lawe i ka hana ma ke ʻano he mea hoʻoikaika akamai no nā kaʻina hana kaiāulu, kīʻaha lalo lalo, a me ka moʻomeheu.
10. Hiki ke mana'o 'ia kekahi apana kūlanakauhale ma ke 'ano he kaiaola: kākoʻo iā ia iho, paʻakikī, a nani hoʻi iā ia iho

Eia hou aku:
nā kumu me: Wikipedia, Kaona o Amsterdam.

Mea kākau: Bas Ruyssenaars

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